Separate infectious waste from other waste streams. The waste can then be treated on-site to reduce the concentration of the pathogen to an acceptable level (decontamination), or packaged in a way to prevent subsequent exposure of other persons having to handle the waste prior to terminal treatment. Identify packages of infectious waste with the universal biohazard symbol so that the potential hazard clearly can be recognized and understood by others.
Containment
Infectious waste containers serve as primary barriers to protect the worker and to minimize the chance of environmental contamination. Use containers made from leak-resistant paper or cardboard, stainless steel, or temperature-resistant polymers. Package items as follows:
1. Package solid waste in sturdy bags or boxes.
2. Package pipettes and other laboratory supplies in flat trays with sealable lids during decontamination.
3. Collect bulk liquids in leak-proof containers, decontaminate them, and discharge the liquids into the sewer system. Store liquid infectious waste in plastic carboys designed for chemical disinfection.
4. Package sharps, such as broken glass, brittle plasticware, needles, and scalpel blades in rigid, puncture-resistant, sealable containers.
5. Package wet waste with sufficient absorbent materials to contain residual liquids and minimize leakage. Double-bag wet materials for transport, sealing each bag independently.
6. Place heavy waste, such as anatomical specimens, animal bedding, and laboratory specimens in rigid containers. Ensure that the weight of the waste load does not exceed the burst strength of the container.
Ensure the physical properties of the container are compatible with the treatment process. Waste placed in stainless steel pans, waxed-lined paper bags, tempered glass, and heat-resistant plastics can all be safely processed in an autoclave. Metal containers have been shown to enhance the transfer of heat to the waste load during autoclaving, whereas containers made of plastic retard steam penetration. Processing smaller waste loads and extending the treatment period can compensate for this feature of plastic containers.
Metal receptacles can be autoclaved and recycled but are not suitable for incineration. Ideally, waste should be packaged in disposable receptacles that minimize the handling of the waste and are suitable for the waste treatment method. Cleaning containers that are to be reused is labor intensive and increases the risk of occupational injuries and exposures to biohazards.
Personal Protection
The most important precautions for all personnel handling infectious waste are the wearing of protective gloves and frequent handwashing. Gloves and a laboratory coat are provided for all activities involving manipulations of contaminated items.
1. Change gloves and clothing when soiled or damaged.
2. Wash hands thoroughly after working with infectious materials.
Note Scavenging through waste, as well as eating, drinking, and smoking while working with waste is prohibited.